Since its independence on 1/1/1956, Sudan has witnessed a series of military coups. The first was the failed attempt led by Ismail Kabida, who attempted to overthrow the first national government headed by Ismail al-Azhari. This was followed by the first successful coup led by Lieutenant General Ibrahim Abboud in November 1958 against al-Azhari's elected government.

In the previous two sections, we discussed socialist and capitalist financial thought and clarified the foundations upon which each is based. In this section, we will address Islamic financial thought and the principles on which it is founded.

I have never found in history a more eloquent expression of the evil of colonialism than the words of Rab'i ibn 'Amir, may Allah be pleased with him, to the Persian commander: "We are a people whom Allah sent to lead mankind from the worship of other servants to the worship of the Lord of all servants."

The background history of colonialism of Sudan is important for us to understand, but also the history of governance in the region of Sudan itself. It has been argued that British Imperialization in the 19th century created the conditions that have encouraged Sudan to be divided and in conflict.